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1 thermocouple lead resistance
thermocouple lead resistance Widerstand m der ThermoelementzuleitungEnglish-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > thermocouple lead resistance
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2 Widerstand der Thermoelementzuleitung
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Widerstand der Thermoelementzuleitung
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3 alloy
1) сплав || сплавлять2) вплавлять3) легирующий элемент || легировать•-
abrasion-resistant alloy
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acidproof alloy
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addition alloy
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aged alloy
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age-hardening alloy
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aging alloy
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air-hardening alloy
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alkali-resistant alloy
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alpha alloy
- alpha iron alloy -
aluminum alloy
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aluminum paste alloy
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aluminum-base alloy
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antifriction alloy
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artificial-interstitial alloy
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backing alloy
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beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy
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beta alloy
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binary alloy
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body-centered cubic alloy
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brass brazing alloy
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brazing metal alloy
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brazing alloy
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castable alloy
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cold-worked alloy
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columbium alloy
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commercial alloy
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copper alloy
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copper-base alloy
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copper-bearing alloy
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corrosion-resistant alloy
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creep-resistant alloy
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difficalt-to-extrude alloy
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directionally solidified alloy
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disordered alloy
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doped alloy
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EBM alloy
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EBR alloy
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electrical-resistance alloy
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electron-beam-melting alloy
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electron-beam-refining alloy
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electroslag refining alloy
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eutectic alloy
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eutectoid alloy
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face-centered cubic alloy
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fancy alloy
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fastener alloy
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fernico alloy
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ferromagnetic alloy
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foundry alloy
-
four-component alloy
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free-cutting alloy
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gamma-phase alloy
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general-purpose alloy
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hard-magnetic alloy
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hard-superconducting alloy
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heat-resistant alloy
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heat-treatable alloy
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hexagonal close-packed alloy
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high alloy
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high-carbon alloy
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high-coercitivity alloy
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high-density alloy
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high-melting-temperature alloy
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high-permeability alloy
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high-resistance alloy
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high-strength alloy
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high-temperature alloy
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high-tensile alloy
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high-yield alloy
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homogenized alloy
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hypercutectic alloy
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hypereutectoid alloy
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hypoeutectic alloy
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hypoeutectoid alloy
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interstitial alloy
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iron-aluminum alloy
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iron-base alloy
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iron-bearing alloy
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iron-carbon alloy
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iron-chromium-cobalt alloy
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iron-cobalt alloy
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iron-manganese alloy
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iron-tin alloy
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iron-tungsten alloy
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lead alloy
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lead-antimony alloy
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lead-antimony-tin alloy
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light-metal alloy
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light alloy
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linotype alloy
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low alloy
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low-carbon alloy
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low-ductile alloy
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low-expansion alloy
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low-melting-point alloy
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low-permeability alloy
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low-temperature alloy
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low-tensile alloy
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low-yield alloy
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magnesium-base alloy
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magnesium-rare earth-zirconium alloy
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magnetic alloy
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magnetically hard alloy
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magnetically soft alloy
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magnetic-hardening alloy
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mushy alloy
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native alloy
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nickel-base alloy
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nickel-chromium alloy
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noble metal alloy
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noncorrosive alloy
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nonferrous metal alloy
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nonferrous alloy
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nonheat-treatable alloy
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nonrefractory alloy
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nonscaling alloy
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ordered alloy
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peritectic alloy
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permanent magnet alloy
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powder metallurgical alloy
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precipitation hardened alloy
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preferred-orientation alloy
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process alloy
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quinary alloy
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random alloy
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random-orientation alloy
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rare-earth alloy
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reduction alloy
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refractory alloy
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resistance alloy
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resistance-clement alloy
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resistor alloy
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row alloys
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self-lubricating alloy
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semiaustenitic alloy
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semiconducting alloy
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semiferritic alloy
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semihard magnetic alloy
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shape-metal alloy
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silver brazing alloy
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soft magnetic alloy
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solder alloy
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solid solution alloy
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solution-treated alloy
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stereotype alloy
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strain-hardened alloy
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substitutional alloy
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substitution alloy
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superconducting alloy
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tailored alloy
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tantalum-base alloy
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textured alloy
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thermocouple alloy
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thermomagnetic alloy
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tin-base alloy
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type-metal alloy
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type alloy
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vacuum melted alloy
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vacuum-arc-refining alloy
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vacuum-induction-melting alloy
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VAR alloy
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VIM alloy
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virgin alloy
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wear-resistant alloy
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whisker-reinforced alloy
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white alloy
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work-hardening alloy
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wrought alloy
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zinc-base alloy -
4 aluminum paste alloy
сплав на основе алюминиевой пасты (напр. идёт на изготовление элементов для солнечных батарей)- artificial-interstitial alloy - backing alloy - bearing alloy - beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy - body-centered cubic alloy - brass brazing alloy - brazing alloy - metal alloy - castable alloy - casting alloy - cold-worked alloy - columbium alloy - commercial alloy - copper alloy - copper-base alloy - copper-bearing alloy - corrosion-resistant alloy - creep-resistant alloy - difficalt-to-extrude alloy - directionally solidified alloy - disordered alloy - doped alloy - electron-beam-melting alloy - EBM alloy - electron-beam-refining alloy - EBF alloy - electrical-resistance alloy - electroslag refining alloy - ESR alloy - eutectic alloy - face-centered cubic alloy - fancy alloy - fastener alloy - fernico alloy - ferromagnetic alloy - foundry alloy - four-component alloy - free-cutting alloy - free-machining alloy - fusible alloy - gamma-phase alloy - general-purpose alloy - hard-facing alloy - hard-magnetic alloy - hard-superconducting alloy - heat-resisting alloy - heat-treatable alloy - heavy alloy - hexagonal close-packed alloy - high alloy - high-carbon alloy - high-coercitivity alloy - high-density alloy - high-melting-temperature alloy - high-permeability alloy - high-resistance alloy - high-strength alloy - high-temperature alloy - high-tensile alloy - high-yield alloy - homogenized alloy - hypercutectic alloy - hypoeutectoid alloy - interstitial alloy - iron-aluminum alloy - iron-base alloy - iron-bearing alloy - iron-carbon alloy - iron-chromium-cobalt alloy - iron-cobalt alloy - iron-manganese alloy - iron-tin alloy - iron-tungsten alloy - lead alloy - lead-antimony alloy - lead-antimony-tin alloy - light alloy - light alloy disk - light-metal alloy - low alloy - low-carbon alloy - low-ductile alloy - low-expansion alloy - low-melting-point alloy - low-permeability alloy - low-temperature alloy - low-tensile alloy - low-yield alloy - magnesium-base alloy - magnesium-rare earth-zirconium alloy - magnetic alloy - magnetically hard alloy - magnetically soft alloy - magnetic-hardening alloy - master alloy - mushy alloy - nickel-base alloy - nickel-chromium alloy - noncorrosive alloy - non-ferrous alloy - nonheat-treatable alloy - non-refractory alloy - nonscaling alloy - ordered alloy - peritectic alloy - permanent magnet alloy - powder metallurgical alloy - precipitation hardened alloy - preferred-orientation alloy - process alloy - quinary alloy - random alloy - random-orientation alloy - rare-earth alloy - reduction alloy - refractory alloy - resistance alloy - resistance-clement alloy - resistor alloy - row alloys - self-lubricating alloy - semiaustenitic alloy - semiconducting alloy - semiferritic alloy - semihard magnetic alloy - shape-metal alloy - silver brazing alloy - soft magnetic alloy - solder alloy - solid solution alloy - solution-treated alloy - stereotype alloy - strain-hardened alloy - substitution alloy - substitutional alloy - super alloy - superconducting alloy - tailored alloy - tantalum-base alloy - textured alloy - thermocouple alloy - thermomagnetic alloy - tin-base alloy - vacuum-arc-refining alloy - vacuum melted alloy - vacuum-induction-melting alloy - VAR alloy - VIM alloy - virgin alloy - wear-resistant alloy - whisker-reinforced alloy - white alloy - work-hardening alloy - wrought alloy - zinc-base alloyАнгло-русский словарь по машиностроению > aluminum paste alloy
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5 wire
1) проволока || скреплять [связывать\] проволокой2) трос4) монтировать ( (электро) проводку или провода); прокладывать провода5) эл., вчт. шина6) проволочное соединение; проводное соединение || соединять [монтировать\] проволокой7) формировать (меж)соединения; выполнять разводку ( межсоединений)9) связь передавать по проводам•wire in coils — проволока в бухтах-
active wires
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address wire
-
aerial contact wire
-
aerial wire
-
aluminum wire
-
aluminum-clad wire
-
alumoweld wire
-
ampere wires
-
anchor wire
-
annealed wire
-
antenna wire
-
armature binding wire
-
armoring wire
-
baling wire
-
barbed wire
-
bare wire
-
bead wire
-
bell wire
-
bethanized wire
-
bimetallic wire
-
binding wire
-
bit wire
-
black-drawn wire
-
black wire
-
bond wire
-
bonding wire
-
bracing wire
-
braided wire
-
brazing wire
-
bright wire
-
broken wire
-
bundle wires
-
busbar wire
-
carrying wire
-
catenary wire
-
ceramic wire
-
clad wire
-
clipped wire
-
coarse wire
-
coated wire
-
coils wire
-
cold-drawn wire
-
common wire
-
composite ground wire with optical fibers
-
composite wire
-
connecting wire
-
contact wire
-
control wire
-
copper wire
-
copper-clad wire
-
copper-coated wire
-
coppered wire
-
core wire
-
cotton-covered wire
-
cotton-enamel covered wire
-
covered wire
-
current-carrying wire
-
dead wire
-
dead-drawn wire
-
diamond impregnated wire
-
diamond wire
-
drawn wire
-
drop wire
-
dumet wire
-
duplex wire
-
earth wire
-
electrode wire
-
enameled wire
-
equipment wire
-
exploding wire
-
fastening wire
-
fiber-optic cored shield wire
-
field wire
-
filamentary wire
-
filler wire
-
finer wire
-
fishing wire
-
fixture wire
-
flameproof wire
-
flat wire
-
flexible shafting wire
-
flexible wire
-
flux-cored wire
-
fly wire
-
four-draft wire
-
fully galvanized wire
-
fuse wire
-
galvanized iron wire
-
galvanized wire
-
glazed wire
-
ground wire
-
guy wire
-
hard-drawn wire
-
heavy-gage wire
-
heavy wire
-
hookup wire
-
hot wire
-
idle wires
-
igniting wire
-
indented wire
-
inhibit wire
-
inlet wire
-
insulated ground wire
-
insulated wire
-
interconnecting wire
-
ionizer wire
-
iron-conduit wire
-
jumper wire
-
killed wire
-
knitting needle wire
-
lashing wire
-
latch guard wire
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lead wire
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lead-covered wire
-
lead-in wire
-
line wire
-
litzendraht wire
-
litz wire
-
live wire
-
magnet wire
-
magnetic wire
-
merchant wire
-
messenger wire
-
metallizing wire
-
metal-shielded wire
-
multifilament wire
-
nail wire
-
neutral wire
-
nichrome wire
-
nickeline wire
-
office wire
-
open wire
-
order wire
-
overhead wire
-
pan wire
-
paper-insulated wire
-
parallel wires
-
piano wire
-
pilot wire
-
plain wire
-
plow steel wire
-
plug wire
-
point wire
-
presser foot wire
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prestressed concrete wire
-
printed wire
-
profiled wire
-
protective earth wire
-
pulling wire
-
radio wire
-
rectangular wire
-
reinforcing wire
-
relay wire
-
resistance wire
-
retrieving wire
-
return wire
-
rivet wire
-
rolled wire
-
rope wire
-
route wire
-
rubber-covered wire
-
screen wire
-
screened wire
-
screw wire
-
section wire
-
sheathed wire
-
shielded wire
-
shield wire
-
short-circuiting wire
-
signal wire
-
silicone wire
-
silk-covered wire
-
sky wire
-
slide wire
-
slow-burning wire
-
soft-down wire
-
solid wire
-
staple forming wire
-
static wire
-
stay wire
-
steel-aluminum wire
-
strain-sensitive wire
-
stranded wire
-
strand wire
-
stranded welding wire
-
stretching wire
-
superconducting wire
-
suspension wire
-
switch wire
-
tension wire
-
thermocouple wire
-
three-draft wire
-
tie wire
-
tinned wire
-
track-circuit wire
-
trapezoidal wire
-
trolley wire
-
tube wire
-
twin wire
-
twisted wire
-
uncoated wire
-
uninsulated wire
-
varnished wire
-
varnished-cambric wire
-
vent wire
-
welding wire
-
well measuring wire
-
wet-drawn wire
-
winding wire
-
woven wire
-
zinc-coated wire -
6 contact
1) контакт, касание, соприкосновение || контактировать, соприкасаться2) эл. контакт4) установление связи, вступление (вхождение) в связь || выходить на связь6) рлк обнаружение; захват ( цели)•-
a-contact
-
actual contact
-
adhesive contact
-
adjustable contact
-
adjustable touching contact
-
alloyed contact
-
all-round contact
-
all-wheel ground contact
-
amateur contact
-
anvil contact
-
approach contact
-
arcing contact
-
arm contact
-
armature contact
-
auxiliary contact
-
back contact
-
ball contact
-
base contact
-
bayonet contact
-
b-contact
-
beam-lead contact
-
bellows contact
-
bifurcated contact
-
bimetallic contact
-
blade contact
-
blocking contact
-
body contact
-
bouncing contacts
-
bow contact
-
break contact
-
break-before-make contact
-
break-make contact
-
bridge-type contact
-
bridge contact
-
bridging contact
-
brush contact
-
bump contact
-
buried contact
-
butt contact
-
change-over contact with neutral position
-
change-over contact
-
chattering contacts
-
circumferential contact
-
closed contact
-
collector contact
-
concentrated contact
-
concentric contact
-
conformal contact
-
continuous contact
-
convex-concave contact
-
convex-convex contact
-
coplanar contact
-
crimp contact
-
dead contact
-
direct refrigerant contact
-
discrete contact
-
distributed contact
-
docking ring contact
-
double tooth contact
-
double-break contact
-
double-throw contact
-
dressed contact
-
dry contact
-
dry-reed contact
-
EHD contact
-
elastic contact
-
elastic-plastic contact
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elastohydrodynamic contact
-
electric contact
-
elementary contact
-
emitter contact
-
external contact
-
face contact
-
female contact
-
ferreed contact
-
filter contact
-
finger contact
-
firm contact
-
first contact
-
fixed contact
-
flight visual contact
-
floating contact
-
frictional contact
-
frictionally heated contact
-
front contact
-
grinding contact
-
ground contact
-
hard contact
-
head-to-oxide contact
-
heavily stressed contact
-
hermaphroditic contact
-
high-resistance contact
-
indirect refrigerant contact
-
initial contact
-
initial docking contact
-
injecting contact
-
instantaneous contact
-
intercell ohmic contact
-
interdigitated back contact
-
internal contact
-
intimate contact
-
jack-in contact
-
keep-alive contact
-
knife- type contact
-
knife contact
-
line contact
-
linear contact
-
liquid contact
-
live contact
-
localized contact
-
locking contact
-
loose contact
-
low-impedance contact
-
low-level contact
-
low-resistance contact
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lubricated contact
-
magnetically operated contact
-
make contact
-
make-before-break contact
-
make-break contact
-
male contact
-
mechanical contact
-
mercury-wetted contact
-
mid-position contact
-
movable contact
-
multiple contact
-
multiple-point contact
-
needle pinion contact
-
nominal contact
-
nonbridging contact
-
nonrectifying contact
-
nonshorted contact
-
nonsliding contact
-
normally closed contact
-
normally open contact
-
normally-off contact
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normally-on contact
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off-limit contacts
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ohmic contact
-
one-pair contact
-
physical contact
-
pin contact
-
pinpoint contact
-
plastic contact
-
plug contact
-
plunger hermetically sealed contact
-
point contact
-
polarized contacts
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poor contact
-
pressed contact
-
press-fit contact
-
pressure contact
-
printed contact
-
push-button contact
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push contact
-
push-on contact
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quick-action contact
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radar contact
-
radio contact
-
rail contact
-
real contact
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rear contact
-
rectifying contact
-
reed contact
-
relay contact
-
removable contact
-
rendezvous contact
-
resilient contact
-
retaining contact
-
rocking contact
-
rolling contact
-
rotor contact
-
screen printed contact
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sealed contact
-
sealing contact
-
self-aligned contact
-
self-holding contact
-
self-registered contact
-
sequence contacts
-
shared contact
-
short-circuit contact
-
shorting contact
-
single contact
-
single tooth contact
-
slider contact
-
slow-action contact
-
snap-action contact
-
snap-on contact
-
socket contact
-
soft contact
-
solder contact
-
soldered contact
-
solderless contact
-
space station/spacecraft initial contact
-
spitted contacts
-
spring contact
-
spring-loaded contact
-
stake contact
-
static contact
-
steady state contact
-
strip contact
-
surface contact
-
switching contact
-
switch contact
-
target contact
-
thermocouple contact
-
thermoelastic contact
-
throwable contact
-
tool/work contact
-
train-to-wayside contact
-
transfer contact
-
transient thermoelastic contact
-
transition contact
-
tuning fork contact
-
twin-break contact
-
two-way contact
-
uniform contact
-
unlubricated contact
-
vacuum sealed contact
-
viscoelastic contact
-
wet contact
-
wiping contact
-
wire-to-wire contact
-
wrap contact -
7 gage
1) средство (для) измерений; (контрольно-)измерительный прибор; измеритель; (контрольно-)измерительный инструмент; измерительное устройство || измерять2) калибр; мера; размер; сортамент; толщина ( листового металла); диаметр ( проволоки или винта)3) поверять; калибровать; градуировать4) шаблон; лекало5) эталон6) датчик, (первичный) измерительный преобразователь7) манометр; вакуумметр, вакуумный манометр8) гидр. уровнемер; водомер10) матем. калибр ( топологического пространства)11) номер сита12) маяк, правило ( при устройстве асфальтобетонного или бетонного покрытия)13) рейсмус || размечать с помощью рейсмуса16) колея, ширина колеи18) гейч ( вязальной машины)19) класс ( трикотажной машины)•to encase strain gage in cement — изготавливать тензодатчик в плёнке клея;to keep material on gage — поддерживать параметры материала (напр. толщину) в заданных пределах;to mount strain gage — устанавливать тензодатчик;to reverse a gage — менять меру (напр. длины) концами;gage with metric scale — индикатор с метрической шкалой-
absolute gage
-
absolute vacuum gage
-
acceptance gage
-
accumulative precipitation gage
-
acoustical strain gage
-
acoustic strain gage
-
active strain gage
-
adjustable gage
-
adjustable rail gage
-
adjuster gage
-
adzing gage
-
AE gage
-
Agir water gage
-
air filter vacuum gage
-
air gage
-
air pressure gage
-
air restriction gage
-
air-operated gage
-
alarm pressure gage
-
alcohol gage
-
American wire gage
-
angular gage
-
auxiliary staff gage
-
back gage
-
ball gage
-
ball plug gage
-
battery gage
-
Bayard-Alpert gage
-
bayonet gage
-
bellows gage
-
belt strand tension gage
-
bench gage
-
beta-absorption gage
-
beta gage
-
Birmingham wire gage
-
block gage
-
bonded strain gage
-
bottom-hole pressure gage
-
Bourdon pressure gage
-
box gage
-
brine gage
-
broad based depth gage
-
broad gage
-
bubble gage
-
buoyant-element level gage
-
butt gage
-
caliper gage
-
cap gage
-
capacitance strain gage
-
capacitance gage
-
center gage
-
charge gage
-
check gage
-
circumferential strain gage
-
clapboard gage
-
clearance gage
-
cold-cathode ionization gage
-
Collins flow gage
-
comb gage
-
combination gage
-
combined pressure gage
-
compression gage
-
concentricity gage
-
consistency gage
-
contact gage
-
contact pressure gage
-
contour gage
-
control gage
-
convergence gage
-
counter gage
-
crankshaft gage
-
curve gage
-
cutting gage
-
damped pressure gage
-
deadweight gage
-
deep-sea tsunami gage
-
density gage
-
depth gage
-
dew gage
-
dial bore gage
-
dial gage
-
diametral gage
-
diaphragm pressure gage
-
differential pressure gage
-
differential vacuum gage
-
digital pressure gage
-
digital weighing gage
-
dimension gage
-
direct pressure gage
-
direct-measuring gage
-
direct-reading gage
-
discharge gage
-
downhole casing wall thickness gage
-
draft gage
-
drainage gage
-
draught gage
-
drift diameter pipe gage
-
drilling bit gage
-
dual boost gage
-
dummy strain gage
-
edge-reading gage
-
elastic-element pressure gage
-
electrical resistance strain gage
-
electrical strain gage
-
electrical temperature gage
-
electrically heated snow gage
-
electrical-type strain gage
-
electromagnetic strain gage
-
end gage
-
engine coolant level gage
-
evapotranspiration gage
-
extended track position gage
-
external gage
-
external strain gage
-
fast-response gage
-
fast gage
-
feeler gage
-
female gage
-
fillet gage
-
film gage
-
fixed river gage
-
flat-ended gage
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flatness gage
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flexible gage
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float gage
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flood gage
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flow gage
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flowmeter pressure gage
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fluid content gage
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foil strain gage
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force gage
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force-feedback gage
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frame gage
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free-piston gage
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fuel level gage
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fuel pressure gage
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fuel quantity gage
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gamma-absorption gage
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gap gage
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gas density gage
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gas gage
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gasoline gage
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general-purpose pressure gage
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glass gage
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go gage
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go-no-go gage
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grinding gage
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grouser height depth gage
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hardness gage
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high-water gage
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hook gage
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horseshoe gage
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hose skiving gage
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hot-cathode ionization gage
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hot-cathode magnetron gage
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inclined staff gage
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indentation depth gage
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indicating gage
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inductance strain gage
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industrial gage
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inprocess gage
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inside gage
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inspection gage
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integral pressure gage
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internal gage
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ionization gage
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ion gage
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ionization pressure gage
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irradiated fuel assay gage
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jaw gage
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Johansson gage
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joint clearance gage
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keyway gage
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Knudsen gage
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laser gage
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laser rain gage
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lead gage
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length gage
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level difference gage
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level gage
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lever gage
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lever-type piston gage
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limit gage
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limit plug gage
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line gage
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line space gage
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liquid level gage
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loading gage
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low-water gage
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magnetron gage
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male gage
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manometer gage
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marking gage
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master gage
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McLeod gage
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mechanical pressure gage
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mechanical strain gage
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mechanical temperature gage
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mercurial gage
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metal-film strain gage
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metric gage
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micrometer gage
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micropressure gage
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milk gage
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modulator ionization gage
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moire strain gage
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molecular gage
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mortise gage
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multichecking indicator gage
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must gage
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narrow gage
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needle gage
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no-go gage
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noncontact gage
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normal gage
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nude gage
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nude-ion gage
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oil circulation gage
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oil gage
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oil pressure gage
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oil temperature gage
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oil-depth gage
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optical flat gage
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optical rain gage
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optical strain gage
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packing gage
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paper gage
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paper sheet gage
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paper-backed strain gage
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parallel slip gage
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partial pressure gage
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partial-pressure vacuum gage
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Penning pressure gage
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perforation gage
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petrol gage
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Philips gage
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photoelastic strain gage
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piezoelectric strain gage
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piezoresistive strain gage
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pin gage
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pipe gage
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Pirani gage
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piston gage
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pit rain gage
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Pitot tube gage
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Pitot gage
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plug gage
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pneumatic gage
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pneumatic strain gage
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point gage
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pointer gage
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position gage
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postprocess gage
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postyield strain gage
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precipitation gage
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precision gage
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pressure gage
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pressure tide gage
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pressure-recording gage
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pressure-vacuum compound recording gage
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pressure-vacuum gage
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primary gage
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production gage
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profile gage
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quartz gage
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radioactive gage
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radioactive ionization gage
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radioisotope snow gage
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radiometer pressure gage
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radiometer vacuum gage
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radius gage
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rail gage
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rain gage
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recording rain gage
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Redhead gage
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reed gage
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reference gage
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reference water gage
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regular pressure gage
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remote rain gage
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resistance strain gage
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resistivity gage
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resonance gage
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retracted track position gage
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reuse gage
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ring gage
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ring seal gage
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river gage
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rod gage
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rosette-type strain gage
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roundness gage
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rubber gage
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sagitta gage
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sampling gage
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saw gage
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screw pitch gage
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sea gage
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section gage
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sectional staff gage
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seepage gage
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self-balancing strain gage
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self-temperature-compensating gage
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semiconductor strain gage
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setting gage
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setup gage
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sheet metal gage
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sheet gage
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shifting gage
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siding gage
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sight gage
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sight level gage
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silphon gage
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single-end gage
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single-head gage
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size gage
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slanting hole rain gage
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slant-tube gage
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slide gage
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slip gage
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sloping gage
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slur gage
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smoke gage
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snap gage
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snow gage
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snow-depth gage
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snow-drift gage
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soil rain gage
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sonic gage
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spherical-ended gage
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spherical-piston gage
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spindle-mounted strain gage
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spindle strain gage
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staff gage
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stage gage
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standard gage
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standard test gage
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standard wire gage
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stepped plug gage
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strain gage
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stream gage
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stress gage
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strip gage
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subsurface water gage
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suction gage
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suppressor ionization gage
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surface finish gage
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surface gage
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Swedish gage
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tank-level gage
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tank gage
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taper gage
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temperature gage
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template gage
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test gage
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thermal conductivity gage
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thermal gage
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thermistor gage
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thermistor vacuum gage
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thermocouple vacuum gage
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thickness dial gage
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thickness gage
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thread gage
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tide gage
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tilt and runout gage
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tipping-bucket rain gage
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tire depth gage
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toe-in gage
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tong torque gage
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tool-setting gage
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totalizer precipitation gage
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totalizer rain gage
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track gage
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track pitch gage
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track sag gage
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transducer gage
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tread depth gage
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tubing gage
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type-high gage
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unbonded strain gage
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unpacked-piston gage
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U-tube gage
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vacuum gage
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vacuum ionization gage
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vacuum pressure gage
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vacuum-backed piston gage
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valve lash gage
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velocity gage
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vernier depth gage
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vernier height gage
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vernier-caliper gage
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viscosity gage
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visual-indicating gage
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volt gage
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water level gage
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wave gage
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wear-and-tear gage
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weather gage
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weighing-type rain and snow gage
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weir gage
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weldable strain gage
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wide gage
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wind gage
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wine-level gage
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wire feeler gage
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wire gage
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wire strain gage
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wire-weight gage
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working gage
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X-ray gage
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X-ray thickness gage -
8 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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